Brookings County, South Dakota

What hazards hit Brookings County most?

The most frequent records are winter storm records: 191 since 1996. 42% of its winter storm records since 1996 fell in December and January. The rank column places the county among South Dakota's counties by days with a record per 1,000 square miles of land over each hazard's complete period.

Source: NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database (county and forecast-zone records attributed to the county; a zone record shows its own totals on each county it covers). Days: dates with at least one record of the hazard in the county. Ranks: days with a record per 1,000 square miles of land (Census Bureau 2024 Gazetteer), since 1950 for tornadoes, 1955 for hail and thunderstorm wind, 1996 for the rest.

How many tornadoes has Brookings County had?

NOAA records 32 tornadoes in Brookings County from 1965 to 2023, the strongest rated F3, with 0 deaths and 0 injuries recorded in the county. That is 24th of 66 South Dakota counties by days with tornadoes per 1,000 square miles since 1950. A tornado that crossed a county line is counted in each county it touched, with the length of its path inside the county.

Counted as whole tornadoes rather than county records, the Storm Prediction Center's database holds 35 tornadoes whose track touched Brookings County since 1950 (NOAA's county records number 32: they file a crossing tornado once per county segment, and the two databases differ on some tracks); along their whole tracks they killed 0 people.

Map of the strongest tornado tracks in South Dakota.

Source: NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, tornado records by county (path length in the county, maximum width); ratings as published: F scale before February 1, 2007, EF scale after. Whole-track figures: NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database (1950-2025). SPC severe weather database.

When was the last damaging storm in Brookings County?

The most recent record with damage, injuries or deaths is the October 1, 2023 drought ($3.5 million in damage in 2025 dollars).

Severe (D2) drought conditions improved to moderate (D1) conditions by mid-month. Crop damage is an estimate from insured losses. Information provided by the United States Department of Agriculture.
National Weather Service event narrative, NOAA Storm Events Database (search the full record, event 1141145)

Source: NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database; every record of 2025-2026 is listed, earlier ones when they caused deaths, injuries or $250,000 of damage (2025 dollars), and every tornado.

The deadliest and costliest records

Source: NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database: deaths and injuries direct and indirect; damage is property plus crops as estimated by the National Weather Service, converted to 2025 dollars.

Is it getting more frequent?

Records per decade for Brookings County's most frequent hazards. Counts rose everywhere after 1996, when NOAA began recording every event type, so compare decades within a hazard's complete period only (the shaded cells come before it).

Source: NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, records per calendar decade; zone records from the CZ_TYPE field (Z).

What time of year?

42% of its winter storm records since 1996 fell in December and January. The two busiest months are in violet.

Source: NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, records by the month they began.

Federal disaster declarations for Brookings County

FEMA's register lists 21 declarations that include Brookings County: 18 major disasters, 3 emergencies and 0 fire management assistance declarations. Most were for severe storm (8) and flood (7).

Source: FEMA OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries (v2), declarations through October 2, 2026; one declaration is counted once however many areas it names. OpenFEMA dataset page.

How many floods has Brookings County had?

NOAA's Storm Events Database holds 131 flood or flash flood records for Brookings County from 1997 to 2026, on 94 days, with 0 deaths. By flood insurance claims since 1978 (OpenFEMA, as of September 8, 2026), Brookings County ranks 1116th of 2,942 U.S. counties.

The National Flood Insurance Program has paid $1.2 million on 143 claims filed in Brookings County; the most in one year was 43 in 1997. Claims count insured losses only: uninsured flood damage is not in this file.

Source: FEMA OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims, as of September 8, 2026; claims by year of loss, payments in the dollars of the year paid. OpenFEMA dataset page.

FEMA's modeled risk for Brookings County

FEMA's National Risk Index rates Brookings County Relatively Low overall, with an expected annual loss of $23.8 million. These are FEMA's model estimates of future loss from 18 hazards, not a count of what happened; they can differ from the record above.

Source: FEMA National Risk Index, county table, December 2025 release. FEMA's National Risk Index map.

Counties that share a border with Brookings County

1. Brookings County 844
2. Kingsbury County 712
3. Pipestone County, MN 673
4. Lake County 664
5. Moody County 657
6. Hamlin County 634
7. Lincoln County, MN 590
8. Deuel County 534

Source: U.S. Census Bureau county adjacency file; NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, records since 1950. The Census Bureau's adjacency file.

Next

• Tornadoes in South DakotaEvery South Dakota tornado since 1950 and the counties with the most per square mile
• Winter storms in South DakotaThe state's winter storm records, by county, year and month
• The South Dakota recordEvery hazard in the state, its deadliest events and its federal declarations
• FEMA's risk rating for each hazard in Brookings CountyThe hazard risk calculator: 18 hazards beside the county's record
• Download Brookings County's FEMA declarations (CSV)21 rows: every declaration that named the county, for your own analysis