Madison County, Virginia
County storm and disaster record · FIPS 51113 · population 13,837 · 321 sq mi
NOAA's Storm Events Database holds 898 records for Madison County, Virginia from 1950 through June 30, 2026, on 632 days; the most frequent are winter storm records (277 records). 526 of them are forecast-zone records, which the National Weather Service files once per zone: a county covered by several zones receives each one, so a single storm can add several records on the same day. The deadliest single record is the May 30, 2018 flash flood: 1 death. FEMA has issued 24 declarations naming the county since 1972, 22 of them for natural hazards; the latest for a natural hazard was “Severe Winter Storm” on January 23, 2026.
The record, 1950 to 2026
Storm records filed for the county each year (2026 to June 30, 2026). Before 1996 NOAA recorded only tornadoes (from 1950), thunderstorm wind and hail (from 1955).
- recorded, no damage figure
- under $100,000
- $100,000 or more
- $1 million or more
- $10 million or more, or a death
- $100 million or more, or 10 deaths
- a year's colour: its recorded damage or deaths
- a year with a death
- 1955: wind and hail recorded from 1955
- 1996: all 48 event types from 1996
- Storm records
- 898on 632 days, 1950 to June 30, 2026
- Deaths recorded
- 10 injuries
- Damage, 2025 dollars
- $21Mas filed (scale steps before 1993)
- Tornadoes
- 9strongest F2
- FEMA declarations
- 24latest 2026
Source: NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, records through June 30, 2026 (file revision 20260918); damage converted to 2025 dollars with the BLS CPI-U. Search the record at NCEI. BLS consumer price index.
What hazards hit Madison County most?
The most frequent records are winter storm records: 277 since 1996. 58% of its winter storm records since 1996 fell in January and February. The rank column places the county among Virginia's counties by days with a record per 1,000 square miles of land over each hazard's complete period.
| Hazard | Records | Days | First, last | Killed | Injured | Damage | Rank in state |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Winter storms | 277 | 218 | 1996-2026 | 0 | 0 | $181K | 6 of 96 |
| Severe thunderstorm wind | 183 | 112 | 1974-2026 | 0 | 0 | $623K | 32 of 96 |
| Floods | 145 | 78 | 1996-2025 | 1 | 0 | $8.2M | 8 of 96 |
| Extreme cold | 95 | 74 | 1997-2026 | 0 | 0 | $368K | 7 of 96 |
| Fog, smoke and funnel clouds | 72 | 64 | 2005-2021 | 0 | 0 | – | 10 of 96 |
| Heat | 34 | 34 | 1996-2021 | 0 | 0 | – | 13 of 96 |
| High wind and dust storms | 29 | 28 | 1996-2026 | 0 | 0 | $2.3M | 26 of 96 |
| Hail | 24 | 21 | 1998-2022 | 0 | 0 | $218K | 72 of 96 |
| Heavy rain | 14 | 14 | 1999-2003 | 0 | 0 | – | 46 of 96 |
| Drought | 11 | 11 | 1998-2007 | 0 | 0 | $7.1M | 27 of 96 |
| Tornadoes | 9 | 9 | 1960-2005 | 0 | 0 | $2.1M | 32 of 96 |
| Lightning | 2 | 2 | 2000-2003 | 0 | 0 | $17K | 56 of 96 |
| Wildfires | 2 | 2 | 1999-2000 | 0 | 0 | – | 7 of 96 |
| Hurricanes and tropical storms | 1 | 1 | 2011-2011 | 0 | 0 | $7K | 57 of 96 |
Source: NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database (county and forecast-zone records attributed to the county; a zone record shows its own totals on each county it covers). Days: dates with at least one record of the hazard in the county. Ranks: days with a record per 1,000 square miles of land (Census Bureau 2024 Gazetteer), since 1950 for tornadoes, 1955 for hail and thunderstorm wind, 1996 for the rest.
How many tornadoes has Madison County had?
NOAA records 9 tornadoes in Madison County from 1960 to 2005, the strongest rated F2, with 0 deaths and 0 injuries recorded in the county. That is 32nd of 96 Virginia counties by days with tornadoes per 1,000 square miles since 1950. A tornado that crossed a county line is counted in each county it touched, with the length of its path inside the county.
Counted as whole tornadoes rather than county records, the Storm Prediction Center's database holds 9 tornadoes whose track touched Madison County since 1950 (NOAA's county records number 9, the same count); along their whole tracks they killed 0 people.
| Date | Tornado | Rating | Path | Killed |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1976-03-21 11:40, as SPC files it | Madison | F3 | 5.6 mi | 0 |
Map of the strongest tornado tracks in Virginia.
Every tornado record filed for Madison County (9)
| Date | Place | Character | Killed | Injured | Damage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2005-08-30 | Haywood, Madison County | F0 0.5 mi x 50 yd | 0 | 0 | $15K |
| 2004-09-17 | Hood, Madison County | F2 8 mi x 400 yd | 0 | 0 | $312K |
| 2004-05-02 | Wolftown, Madison County | F1 4.3 mi x 150 yd | 0 | 0 | $13K |
| 2000-08-09 | Madison County | F1 0.5 mi x 50 yd | 0 | 0 | $26K |
| 1997-09-10 | Radiant, Madison County | F1 0.7 mi x 50 yd | 0 | 0 | $37K |
| 1992-11-23 | Madison County | F0 0.5 mi x 17 yd | 0 | 0 | $25K step |
| 1976-06-12 | Madison County | F2 0.2 mi x 3 yd | 0 | 0 | $25K step |
| 1976-03-21 | Madison County | 0 | 0 | $250K step | |
| 1960-05-17 | Madison County | F1 | 0 | 0 | $25K step |
A damage figure marked "step" is a record from before 1993: NOAA then filed damage by category, and the figure is the category as entered, in the dollars of that year, not an estimate of the loss.
Source: NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, tornado records by county (path length in the county, maximum width); ratings as published: F scale before February 1, 2007, EF scale after. Whole-track figures: NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database (1950-2025). SPC severe weather database.
When was the last damaging storm in Madison County?
The most recent record with damage, injuries or deaths is the June 12, 2026 thunderstorm wind ($5,000 in damage in 2025 dollars).
| Date | Record | Character | Killed | Injured | Damage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-06-12 | Thunderstorm WindShelby, Madison County | 52 kt wind | 0 | 0 | $5K |
| 2026-06-11 | Thunderstorm WindLeon, Madison County | 52 kt wind | 0 | 0 | $1K |
| 2026-06-11 | Thunderstorm WindHaywood, Madison County | 52 kt wind | 0 | 0 | $1K |
| 2026-03-12 | Winter WeatherGreene County and 5 more · forecast zone Northern Virginia Blue Ridge | 0 | 0 | – | |
| 2026-03-02 | Winter WeatherGreene County and 5 more · forecast zone Northern Virginia Blue Ridge | 0 | 0 | – | |
| 2026-03-02 | Winter WeatherMadison County · forecast zone Madison | 0 | 0 | – | |
| 2026-03-02 | Winter WeatherGreene County and 5 more · forecast zone Northern Virginia Blue Ridge | 0 | 0 | – | |
| 2026-02-22 | Winter StormGreene County and 5 more · forecast zone Northern Virginia Blue Ridge | 0 | 0 | – | |
| 2026-02-07 | Cold/Wind ChillMadison County · forecast zone Madison | 0 | 0 | – | |
| 2026-02-07 | Extreme Cold/Wind ChillGreene County and 5 more · forecast zone Northern Virginia Blue Ridge | 0 | 0 | – | |
| 2026-02-07 | High WindGreene County and 5 more · forecast zone Northern Virginia Blue Ridge | 50 kt wind | 0 | 0 | – |
| 2026-02-01 | Extreme Cold/Wind ChillGreene County and 5 more · forecast zone Northern Virginia Blue Ridge | 0 | 0 | – |
Source: NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database; every record of 2025-2026 is listed, earlier ones when they caused deaths, injuries or $250,000 of damage (2025 dollars), and every tornado.
The deadliest and costliest records
| Date | Record | Character | Killed | Injured | Damage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018-05-30 | Flash FloodSyria, Madison County Two women attempted to cross the swollen Rose River at Graves Mountain Lodge in an ATV. When one of the women got out to check on the water, she was knocked off her feet and swept away. The other woman was uninjured and rescued. | 1 | 0 | – |
| Date | Record | Character | Killed | Injured | Damage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1999-08-01 | DroughtMadison County · forecast zone Madison | 0 | 0 | $7.1M | |
| 1996-09-06 | FloodMadison County · forecast zone Madison | 0 | 0 | $5.6M | |
| 1996-09-06 | Flash FloodCountywide, Madison County | 0 | 0 | $2.1M | |
| 1996-09-06 | High WindMadison County · forecast zone Madison | 0 | 0 | $1.4M | |
| 2003-09-18 | High WindMadison County · forecast zone Madison | 50 kt wind | 0 | 0 | $722K |
| 1997-04-10 | Frost/FreezeMadison County · forecast zone Madison | 0 | 0 | $368K | |
| 2004-09-17 | TornadoHood, Madison County | F2 8 mi x 400 yd | 0 | 0 | $312K |
| 1998-06-16 | HailWolftown, Madison County | 2.75 in hail | 0 | 0 | $181K |
Before 1993 NOAA filed damage by category, not amount, so the list above starts in 1993. The highest category filed here before then (entered as $250K, in the dollars of the day) holds: March 21, 1976 (tornado, Madison County).
Source: NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database: deaths and injuries direct and indirect; damage is property plus crops as estimated by the National Weather Service, converted to 2025 dollars.
Is it getting more frequent?
Records per decade for Madison County's most frequent hazards. Counts rose everywhere after 1996, when NOAA began recording every event type, so compare decades within a hazard's complete period only (the shaded cells come before it).
| Hazard | 1950s | 1960s | 1970s | 1980s | 1990s | 2000s | 2010s | 2020-26 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Winter storms | – | – | – | – | 19 | 40 | 128 z | 90 |
| Severe thunderstorm wind | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 12 | 35 | 77 | 56 |
| Floods | – | – | – | – | 19 | 15 | 51 | 60 |
| Extreme cold | – | – | – | – | 2 | 15 | 44 | 34 |
| Fog, smoke and funnel clouds | – | – | – | – | 0 | 12 | 37 z | 23 |
| Heat | – | – | – | – | 8 | 15 | 9 | 2 |
Winter storms in the 2010s: 128 records against 40 in the decade before, 128 of them forecast-zone records. Fog, smoke and funnel clouds in the 2010s: 37 records against 12 in the decade before, 37 of them forecast-zone records. Cells marked z rose mostly through zone records. The local National Weather Service office files these once per forecast zone, so a change in how it draws its zones or splits a storm into records moves this count as much as the weather does; read it beside the Madison County days with a record above.
Source: NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, records per calendar decade; zone records from the CZ_TYPE field (Z).
What time of year?
58% of its winter storm records since 1996 fell in January and February. The two busiest months are in violet.
The values, month by month
Jan 136 · Feb 101 · Mar 74 · Apr 50 · May 60 · Jun 95 · Jul 78 · Aug 83 · Sep 50 · Oct 43 · Nov 37 · Dec 91 (records).
Source: NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, records by the month they began.
Federal disaster declarations for Madison County
FEMA's register lists 24 declarations that include Madison County: 17 major disasters, 7 emergencies and 0 fire management assistance declarations. Most were for hurricane (6) and severe storm (5).
| Declared | Number | Type | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-01-23 | EM-3631 | Winter Storm | Severe Winter Storm |
| 2024-10-01 | DR-4831 | Tropical Storm | Tropical Storm Helene |
| 2022-03-11 | DR-4644 | Severe Storm | Severe Winter Storm and Snowstorm |
| 2020-04-02 | DR-4512 | Biological | Covid-19 Pandemic |
| 2020-03-13 | EM-3448 | Biological | Covid-19 |
| 2018-09-11 | EM-3403 | Hurricane | Hurricane Florence |
| 2016-03-07 | DR-4262 | Snowstorm | Severe Winter Storm and Snowstorm |
| 2012-11-26 | DR-4092 | Hurricane | Hurricane Sandy |
| 2012-10-29 | EM-3359 | Hurricane | Hurricane Sandy |
| 2012-07-27 | DR-4072 | Severe Storm | Severe Storms and Straight-Line Winds |
| 2010-04-27 | DR-1905 | Snowstorm | Severe Winter Storms and Snowstorms |
| 2010-02-16 | DR-1874 | Snowstorm | Severe Winter Storm and Snowstorm |
| 2005-09-12 | EM-3240 | Hurricane | Hurricane Katrina Evacuation |
| 2003-09-18 | DR-1491 | Hurricane | Hurricane Isabel |
| 2000-02-28 | DR-1318 | Severe Storm | Severe Winter Storms |
| 1996-09-06 | DR-1135 | Hurricane | Hurricane Fran and Associated Severe Storm Cond |
| 1996-01-13 | DR-1086 | Snowstorm | Blizzard of 96 (Severe Snow Storm) |
| 1995-07-01 | DR-1059 | Severe Storm | Severe Storms and Flooding |
| 1994-04-11 | DR-1021 | Severe Storm | Severe Winter Ice Storm |
| 1993-03-25 | EM-3112 | Snowstorm | Severe Winter Storm |
| 1985-11-09 | DR-755 | Flood | Severe Storms & Flooding |
| 1977-07-23 | EM-3046 | Drought | Drought |
| 1972-10-10 | DR-359 | Flood | Severe Storms & Flooding |
| 1972-06-23 | DR-339 | Flood | Tropical Storm Agnes |
Source: FEMA OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries (v2), declarations through October 2, 2026; one declaration is counted once however many areas it names. OpenFEMA dataset page.
How many floods has Madison County had?
NOAA's Storm Events Database holds 145 flood or flash flood records for Madison County from 1996 to 2025, on 78 days, with 1 death. By flood insurance claims since 1978 (OpenFEMA, as of September 8, 2026), Madison County ranks 2105th of 2,942 U.S. counties.
| Storm | Began | Records | Deaths in the county |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hurricane Fran | 1996-09-06 | 2 | 0 |
The National Flood Insurance Program has paid $128,000 on 19 claims filed in Madison County; the most in one year was 9 in 1996. Claims count insured losses only: uninsured flood damage is not in this file.
The values, year by year
1985: 1 · 1995: 7 · 1996: 9 · 2003: 1 · 2018: 1; the other years: 0.
Source: FEMA OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims, as of September 8, 2026; claims by year of loss, payments in the dollars of the year paid. OpenFEMA dataset page.
FEMA's modeled risk for Madison County
FEMA's National Risk Index rates Madison County Very Low overall, with an expected annual loss of $4.6 million. These are FEMA's model estimates of future loss from 18 hazards, not a count of what happened; they can differ from the record above.
| Hazard | Risk rating | Expected annual loss | Modeled frequency |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hurricane | Relatively Low | $658K | once in about 13 years (modeled) |
| Drought | Relatively Low | $263K | 3.8 modeled event-days a year |
| Strong Wind | Relatively Low | $353K | 4.5 a year (modeled) |
| Avalanche | Very Low | $789 | once in about 100 years (modeled) |
| Landslide | Very Low | $1K | about once a year (modeled) |
| Earthquake | Very Low | $215K | once in about 572 years (modeled) |
| Wildfire | Very Low | $28K | once in about 1,079 years (modeled) |
| Heat Wave | Very Low | $124K | 3.8 modeled event-days a year |
Source: FEMA National Risk Index, county table, December 2025 release. FEMA's National Risk Index map.
Counties that share a border with Madison County
Source: U.S. Census Bureau county adjacency file; NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, records since 1950. The Census Bureau's adjacency file.
Next
- Tornadoes in VirginiaEvery Virginia tornado since 1950 and the counties with the most per square mile
- Winter storms in VirginiaThe state's winter storm records, by county, year and month
- The Virginia recordEvery hazard in the state, its deadliest events and its federal declarations
- FEMA's risk rating for each hazard in Madison CountyThe hazard risk calculator: 18 hazards beside the county's record
- Download Madison County's FEMA declarations (CSV)24 rows: every declaration that named the county, for your own analysis